Methods of shaping ionomeric materials such as Nafion: (a1) heat

A bio-inspired multi degree of freedom actuator based on a novel cylindrical ionic polymer-metal composite material

3D-printed ionic polymer-metal composite soft crawling robot

Illustration of a tri-layer conjugated polymer actuator demonstrating

Conceptual drawing of proposed new fabrication method by means of

Macroscopic shape changes in liquid crystal polymers resultant from

Deposition of conjugated polymer film: (a) from spin coating a

Self-folding using SMPs: (a) fabrication of self-folding element

Comparison of DEAs (left) vs. PVC gel actuators (right). On top is a

Micromachining methods of patterning conjugated polymers and

Macroscopic shape changes in liquid crystal polymers resultant from